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304L is one of the austenitic stainless steels with a chromium content of at least 18%, a nickel content of at least 8%, and a maximum carbon content of 0.03. 304L stainless steel is an ideal choice for various household and commercial applications, with excellent corrosion resistance, ease of manufacturing and excellent formability. Austenitic stainless steels are also considered to be the easiest to weld among high alloy steels and can be welded by all fusion and resistance welding processes.
416 is a martensitic free-working chromium steel alloy, which is generally considered a first free-working stainless steel. It has the highest machinability of any stainless steel, about 85% of free-machining carbon steel. Martensitic stainless steels are designed to harden by heat treatment and have corrosion resistance. Although the corrosion resistance of 416 alloy and other martensitic stainless steels is not as good as that of austenitic or ferritic stainless steels, it still exhibits good corrosion and oxidation resistance and high strength in hardened and tempered conditions.
202 stainless steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloy. It has high ductility, good corrosion resistance and excellent toughness in both high and low temperature environments. 202 stainless steel is one of the most widely used 200 series stainless steel. 202 stainless steel, the austenitic structure is stabilized by the addition of nickel and manganese, thereby preventing the formation of harmful phases, such as sigma phase or chromium carbide. The high nickel content also improves the corrosion and oxidation resistance of the steel at high temperatures.
420 is a hardenable martensitic stainless steel that contains at least 12% chromium, just enough to provide corrosion resistance. It has good ductility in the annealed condition, but can be hardened to a minimum Rockwell hardness of 50 HRC, which is the highest hardness in the 12% chromium scale. Due to its hardening properties, 420 are not often welded, although this is possible. Martensitic stainless steel is designed for high hardness, and sometimes other properties will be affected to a certain extent. The corrosion resistance is lower than that of ordinary austenite grades, and its effective operating range is limited by its ductility loss at sub-zero temperatures and strength loss due to excessive tempering at high temperatures. The best corrosion resistance is obtained when the metal is hardened and subjected to surface grinding or polishing.
410 is a basic general-purpose martensitic stainless steel, used for high-stress parts, with good corrosion resistance and high strength and hardness. The alloy 410 contains at least 11.5 percent chromium, which is just enough to exhibit corrosion resistance in mild atmospheres, vapors, and many mild chemical environments. It is a general-purpose grade, usually provided in a hardened but still processable condition, for applications that require high strength, medium heat resistance and corrosion resistance. After the 410 is hardened, tempered and polished, it shows the greatest corrosion resistance.
The mechanical properties of 405 stainless steels are important in determining their suitability for various applications. This steel has excellent workability and is easy to cut and shape into different shapes. In addition, the material exhibits a good level of strength and hardness, making it wear-resistant and tear-resistant. A remarkable characteristic of 405 stainless steel is its ductility, which refers to its ability to deform under pressure without breaking. This property makes the metal suitable for forming processes such as bending and rolling without cracking or breaking.
409 is a general purpose chromium, titanium stabilized ferritic stainless steel, its main application is automotive exhaust systems. It contains 11% chromium, which is the lowest amount to form a passive surface film, which makes stainless steel corrosion resistant. It combines good high temperature corrosion resistance, medium strength, good formability and overall cost. Compared with carbon steel, 409 has strong corrosion resistance and is used as a substitute for carbon steel in mildly challenging environments. In this environment, its high resistance to corrosion and high temperature oxidation has advantages. It is usually used in applications where appearance is a secondary quality to mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
403 stainless steel has excellent mechanical properties, including high hardness, high strength and high wear resistance. It is commonly used in the manufacture of high hardness tools, cutting tools, bearings and valves and other industrial parts, especially in applications requiring corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In addition, 403 stainless steel can also be used in food processing equipment, chemical equipment, medical equipment and other fields to meet the requirements of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
347 is a stable austenitic chromium steel, containing niobium, which can eliminate carbide precipitation, thereby eliminating corrosion during the year. 347 is stabilized by the addition of chromium and tantalum, and provides higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L, which can also be used for sensitization and exposure to corrosion problems during the year. The addition of niobium also makes the 347 alloy have excellent corrosion resistance, even better than the 321 alloy.
310S is an austenitic stainless steel that combines excellent high temperature performance with good ductility and weldability. It is usually used for high temperature applications because its high chromium and nickel content provides solid corrosion resistance, excellent oxidation resistance and excellent strength at temperatures up to 2100 °F. Due to its high chromium and nickel content, it is superior to 304 or 309 stainless steel in most environments.
305 stainless steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with a low work hardening rate. This low work hardening rate makes it suitable for many deep drawing applications. In order to minimize the earrings during the drawing process, the directionality introduced during the cold rolling process must be kept to a minimum.
303 grade stainless steel is also called 1.4305 stainless steel, and 303 grade is the easiest to process of all austenitic stainless steels. The machinability properties of the 303 grade are due to the presence of sulfur in the steel elements. Sulfur can improve machining, but it also reduces corrosion resistance and toughness. The corrosion resistance of the 303 type is lower than that of the 304 type, but the toughness is still as excellent as other austenitic grades.